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“水錘效應”（Water hammer effect ) 

是指當打開的閥門突然關閉，由（yóu）於壓力水流的慣性，產生水（shuǐ）流衝擊波，並產（chǎn）生（shēng）破壞作用，這就是水利（lì）學（xué）當中的“水錘效應”，也就是（shì）正（zhèng）水錘。

It refers to that when the open valve is suddenly closed, due to the inertia of pressure water flow, water flow shock wave is generated and destructive effect is generated. This is the "water hammer effect" in hydraulics, that is, positive water hammer.

相反，關閉的閥（fá）門在突然打開後，也會（huì）產生（shēng）水錘，叫負水錘，也（yě）有一定的破壞力，但沒有前者（zhě）大（dà）。

On the contrary, after the closed valve is suddenly opened, it will also produce a water hammer, called negative water hammer, which also has a certain destructive force, but it is not as big as the former.

水錘效應就好像是追尾，最（zuì）前麵的（de）車突然（rán）停車了，為後麵的車未及（jí）時發現，從而造成了連（lián）環追尾（wěi）事（shì）故，致（zhì）使最前麵的車破壞嚴重。水錘效應就是與這個類似。

The water hammer effect is like a rear end collision. The front car suddenly stopped because the rear car was not found in time, resulting in a series of rear end accidents and serious damage to the front car. The water hammer effect is similar to this.

通常，在閥門接近關閉（bì）時閉合元（yuán）件（jiàn）突然吸入閥座（zuò），稱為溶缸閉鎖（suǒ）效應。

溶缸閉鎖效應是由低（dī）推力執行機構所造成的，該執行機構沒有足夠的推力以保持在接近（jìn）閥座（zuò）的位置（zhì），導致泵的突然關閉或（huò）閥門的突然關閉，從而產生水錘（chuí）效應。對於控製閥，在某些情況下，快開型流（liú）量（liàng）特性的閥門也能導致水錘效應。

Usually, when the valve is close to closing, the closing element suddenly sucks into the valve seat, which is called the cylinder locking effect.

The locking effect of the dissolving cylinder is caused by the low thrust actuator, which does not have enough thrust to keep close to the valve seat, resulting in the sudden closure of the pump or the sudden closure of the valve, resulting in water hammer effect. For control valves, in some cases, valves with fast opening flow characteristics can also cause water hammer effect.   

雖然水錘產生很大的噪音，但（dàn）真正的（de）損害是由機械失效（xiào）造成的。因為由動能急（jí）劇地變化成靜態的管線（xiàn）壓力，水（shuǐ）錘會（huì）衝破管線或損傷管子支架和損害管線（xiàn）接頭。對（duì）於閥門，水錘能夠通過（guò）閥芯產生嚴（yán）重振動，它可能導（dǎo）致閥芯、墊片或（huò）填料的失效。

Although the water hammer makes a lot of noise, the real damage is caused by mechanical failure. Because of the sharp change from kinetic energy to static pipeline pressure, water hammer will break through the pipeline or damage the pipe support and pipeline joint. For valves, water hammer can produce serious vibration through the valve core, which may lead to the failure of the valve core, gasket or packing.

對於閥門，防止水錘（chuí）的辦法是防止係統任何突然的壓力變化。

For valve,the way to prevent water hammer is to prevent any sudden any pressure changes in the system.  

包括放慢閥門本身的關閉速度或當閉合元件接近閥座時提供較大程度（dù）的拉力和剛性。為防（fáng）止壓力波動，閥門應以均勻變動的速度進行關閉。在某些情況下，當使用快開（kāi）特性，可以要求改（gǎi）變為等（děng）百分比特性。對於在接近（jìn）閥座時必須節流的控（kòng）製閥，應（yīng）當使用輸出推力足夠大的執行機構，如活塞式氣動執行機（jī）構或液壓（yā）執行機構，或在手動旋轉的操作器的行程套管（guǎn）上設置特（tè）殊缺口，將減少（shǎo）或防（fáng）止溶缸閉鎖效應。在管線係統上設置某種類型的防波動措施也能減少水錘。可使用壓力泄放閥（fá）或緩衝桶完（wán）成（chéng）。此（cǐ）外氣體可被注入係統內，氣體的注入能減少流（liú）體的密度並（bìng）提供（gòng）某些壓縮性以處（chù）理任何突然的波動。

This includes slowing down the closing speed of the valve itself or providing a greater degree of tension and rigidity when the closing element approaches the valve seat. In order to prevent pressure fluctuation, the valve shall be closed at a uniform change speed. In some cases, when the quick open feature is used, it can be required to change to the equal percentage feature. For the control valve that must be throttled when approaching the valve seat, an actuator with sufficient output thrust, such as piston pneumatic actuator or hydraulic actuator, or a special notch shall be set on the stroke sleeve of the manually rotating operator, which will reduce or prevent the cylinder locking effect. Setting some type of anti fluctuation measures on the pipeline system can also reduce water hammer. This can be done using a pressure relief valve or a buffer drum. In addition, gas can be injected into the system, which can reduce the density of the fluid and provide some compressibility to deal with any sudden fluctuations.

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